Pathways in Suicide Prevention: Recognizing Signs, Building Protective Factors & Encouraging Connection
By Natalie Synder, MSN, PMHNP, FNP
Suicide prevention begins not only in moments of crisis, but also in the quiet, everyday ways we support one another. The strongest protection often comes from the care we show in our families, friendships, workplaces, schools, and communities. When people feel seen, supported, and connected, they are more likely to find resilience in difficult times. Each small gesture—a listening ear, an encouraging word, a reminder that someone matters—can act as a protective factor that reduces risk and strengthens hope.
At the same time, prevention also means becoming attentive to the subtle signs that someone may be struggling. These signs are not always dramatic or obvious. They can appear as gentle shifts in mood, energy, or daily habits that signal inner distress. Recognizing these early changes gives us the opportunity to reach out before a crisis develops. Blending compassion with awareness allows us to both build protective factors and respond with care when someone is showing signs of pain.
Subtle Warning Signs
Withdrawal from friends or activities once enjoyed
Sudden mood fluctuations, feelings of hopelessness, or expressing being trapped
Increased alcohol or drug use, reckless behavior, or significant changes in sleep and appetite
Giving away belongings or talking about being a burden
Protective Factors
Strong, supportive relationships with family, friends, or community members consistently serve as buffers against suicidal ideation. Having a sense of belonging and acceptance helps people feel grounded during times of distress. Physical activity and a positive sense of self- worth are also linked to lower rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts, particularly in adolescents. Safe and affirming environments—at home, in school, or at work—further reinforce resilience and stability.
Therapy and Daily Supports
Therapy remains one of the most effective long-term interventions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) have both been shown to reduce suicidal ideation and repeated self-harm. Beyond therapy, cultivating daily habits such as mindfulness, journaling, and grounding practices can support emotional health, reduce stress, and help individuals recognize their feelings before they become overwhelming.
How to Help Someone
If someone you care about is showing signs of distress, the most important step is reaching out with compassion. A gentle question such as, “I’ve noticed you seem different lately—how are you really doing?” can open the door to connection. Listening without judgment and encouraging professional support can make a life-saving difference.
Local Resources
National Resources
Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: Call or text 988
Crisis Text Line: Text HOME to 741741
Allegheny County
Resolve Crisis Services (UPMC) – 1-888-796-8226 (1-888-7-YOU-CAN). Provides counseling, mobile teams, and walk-in services.
Washington County
Crisis Line – 1-877-225-3567
Secondary Local Support – 1-866-224-7840
Closing Thought
Suicide prevention is not just about responding in moments of crisis—it’s about nurturing lives with care, connection, and stability every day. By recognizing quiet warning signs and strengthening protective factors like supportive relationships, healthy routines, and accessible resources, we can build communities that carry people through their hardest moments. Every small act of compassion, every conversation, and every effort to reach out is part of saving lives.
References
Bakken, V., Skokauskas, N., Sund, A. M., et al. (2025). Protective factors for suicidality: a qualitative follow-up of the youth and mental health study cohort. BMC Public Health, 25, 1920.
Bakken, V., et al. (2025). Protective factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents. BMC Psychiatry.
SAMHSA. (2024). Warning Signs of Suicide. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (2024). Warning Signs of Suicide. SPRC.
Time/Lancet Psychiatry. (2014). Suicide Risk Drops 26% After Talk Therapy. Lancet Psychiatry, reported by Time Magazine.